Skip to main content

European Space Agency's new LISA mission will measure gravitational waves in space

esa lisa mission 2034 mother spacecraft connected by lasers
Artist's impression of a Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission concept spacecraft. AEI/Milde Marketing/Exozet
After a lengthy period of delays, the European Space Agency (ESA) has finally announced that its Laser Interferometer Space Antenna mission (LISA, for short) is ready to begin — though it won’t actually launch till 2034.

LISA is a space observatory that’s designed to measure gravitational waves, tiny ripples in the underlying fabric of the universe, caused by the motions of massive objects. Gravitational waves were first hypothesized by Albert Einstein way back in 1915, but they were only detected for the first time by the ground-based LIGO system in 2015.

“They’re a brand-new way of seeing the universe and extremely exciting,” Professor Mark McCaughrean, senior advisor for Science and Exploration at ESA, told Digital Trends. “Measuring gravitational waves from space will enable us to see whole new kinds of phenomena that can’t be seen by LIGO. For example, LISA will be able to see gravitational waves caused when two supermassive black holes, each perhaps millions of times more massive than our sun, spiral around each other and merge. This can happen when galaxies collide, and by observing these black hole mergers, we can learn about the history of galaxy evolution over the 13.8 billion history of the universe.”

LISA is actually three separate spacecraft in a triangle, each separated by roughly 2 million kilometers. The spacecraft are linked by high-powered lasers, and by accurately measuring the changes in distances between one another, they’ll be able to detect the gravitational waves as they sweep through the solar system.

While 2034 is still a long way off, though, McCaughrean said that plenty needs to be done between now and then.

“We still need to develop the telescopes and high-powered lasers that will link the spacecraft over 2 million kilometers along, and then we need to build and test the three very complicated spacecraft,” he said. “None of this will be easy, and such missions often take decades to put together. It’s also a question of money: We’re already building several other very exciting scientific space missions, including one which will be launched to Mercury next year called BepiColombo; one that’ll go close to the Sun called Solar Orbiter; one to measure the influence of dark matter and dark energy in the universe called Euclid; two to discover planets going around other stars called CHEOPS and PLATO; a mission to Jupiter and its icy moons called JUICE; and a new large X-ray observatory called Athena. Even in the best case, it’ll take us until 2030 to get the technology fully together and built. Working in space requires a lot of hard work and patience, and even though I’ll be retired by the time LISA flies, you can be very sure that I’ll be watching on with huge interest when it finally flies.”

Between projects like this, NASA designing futuristic chainmail for space missions, 3D printing on the International Space Station, and pretty much everything Elon Musk is doing with SpaceX, it certainly seems like we’re living on the cusp of a great era in space exploration.

Editors' Recommendations

Luke Dormehl
I'm a UK-based tech writer covering Cool Tech at Digital Trends. I've also written for Fast Company, Wired, the Guardian…
China succeeds in first cargo mission to new space station
first module of a new space station enters earth orbit  china

How China's new space station is expected to look when it's complete. China Manned Space Engineering Office

China has confirmed that its first cargo mission has successfully docked with its new space station.

Read more
European Space Agency wants to build a GPS network for the moon
ESA's moonlight initiative aims to put a constellation of satellites around the moon

ESA's Moonlight initiative aims to put a constellation of satellites around the moon ESA

Here on Earth, our global communication and navigation systems work using a huge number of satellites which orbit around the planet. Now, the European Space Agency (ESA) wants to bring a similar system to the moon, by creating a network of satellites there as well.

Read more
MediaTek’s new M80 modem packs in Sub-6 and mmWave 5G
The sign outside MediaTek's headquarters in Taiwan.

MediaTek has announced the M80 5G modem, its first to combine both Sub-6 and mmWave 5G technologies, which is important if it’s to make a greater impact on the U.S. in the future. Previously, MediaTek’s M70 modem, which is found in its Dimensity mobile processors, only supported Sub-6 networks, and was used inside the T-Mobile version of the LG Velvet.

The M80 modem is capable of connecting to standalone (SA) and non-stand-alone (NSA) 5G signals at a maximum of 7.67Gbps download and 3.76Gbps upload. The modem is suitable for 5G-capable networks all over the world, supports dual-5G SIMs and technology including dual Voice over New Radio (VoNR), and will connect to 4G LTE Cat-19 networks too.

Read more