The Covid-19 virus is changing and shape-shifting—a process called mutation—into newer and faster-spreading variants. The world is sitting up and asking: what’s going on? Should we be worried? What exactly does it mean for us? A look at the vaccines we have at our disposal and if their ability to quell the new variants:
By: Pfizer and BioNTech
Type: mRNA-based vaccine started January 2020
Dosage: Two doses, 28 days apart
For: US, Canada, EU, UK, Switzerland, Israel
Efficacy: 95%
Effect on mutant variants? New research suggests their vaccine can protect against mutation found in the two variants that have erupted in Britain and South Africa.
By: Moderna, US biotech firm
Type: mRNA-based vaccine
Dosage: Two doses, 28 days apart
For: US, Canada, EU, UK, Switzerland, Israel
Efficacy: 94.1%
Effect on mutant variants? Moderna expects that the immunity induced by its Covid-19 vaccine would be protective against coronavirus variants. “We plan to run tests to confirm the activity of the vaccine against any strain,” said its statement.
By: AstraZeneca and University of Oxford, the Serum Institute of India
Type: Adenovirus vaccine
Dosage: Two doses, between 4-12 weeks apart
For: UK, India, Argentina, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Mexico, Morocco
Efficacy: Shown mixed results; was 70% effective when a half-dose was given before a full-dose booster, while two full doses showed an efficacy of 62%
Effect on mutant variants? “AZD1222 contains the genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein, and the changes to the genetic code seen in this new viral strain do not appear to change the structure of the spike protein.”
By: Gamaleya Research Institute, Russia (collaboration with Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories)
Type: Adenoviral vaccine
Dosage: Two doses, 28 days apart
For: No distribution list
Efficacy: 91.4% (on day 28 of first dose) and over 95% (on day 42 of second dose)
Effect on mutant variants? “Sputnik V will be as highly effective against the new strain of the coronavirus found in Europe as against the existing strains. Sputnik V has been showing its efficacy over a period of time despite the previous mutations of S-protein,” according to Sputnik V’s Twitter handle.
By: Bharat Biotech with Indian Council of Medical Research, India’s National Institute of Virology
Type: Whole virion inactivated
Dosage: Two doses, 14-28 days apart
For: India
Efficacy: No percentage reported
Effect on mutant variants? “Potential of Covaxin to mount resistance against mutants of SARS-Cov-2, the virus causing Covid-19, informed the decision making process for vaccine approval,” according to ICMR notification.
By: Sinovac Biotech Ltd, China
Type: Inactivated vaccine
Dosage: Two doses, 14-28 days apart
For: China, Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, Philippines
Efficacy: 78%
Effect on mutant variants? “The vaccine is safe, and we can use it with ease,” according to company statement.