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For Russia, nuclear arms curbs with Biden are a 'no brainer'
By Jonathan BROWN
Moscow (AFP) Jan 15, 2021

New START: expiring arms accord between Cold War rivals
Moscow (AFP) Jan 15, 2021 - Russia and the United States have until February 5 to prolong a key agreement to curb their nuclear arsenals, the last remaining arms reduction pact between the former Cold War rivals.

Here are key details of the New START treaty, which expires a little over two weeks into US President-elect Joe Biden's first term.

- A legacy of the 'reset' -

The accord was signed in the Czech capital Prague by then-US president Barack Obama and Russian leader Dmitry Medvedev in 2010 and was seen as a key component of Obama's efforts to "reset" ties with the Kremlin.

The United States and Russia will be looking to extend New START before February 5 in yet another climate of heightened mutual distrust, after US lawmakers last year accused Kremlin hackers of launching a massive cyberattack on American government institutions.

- Nuclear cuts -

The accord restricts the former Cold War rivals to a maximum of 1,550 deployed warheads each, a cut of about 30 percent from a limit set in 2002, and 800 launchers and bombers -- enough to blow up the world many times over.

The treaty also provides for a series of mutual onsite inspections, a cornerstone of former US president Ronald Reagan's "trust but verify" arms control mantra.

The protocol for renewing New START is simple and requires only that Washington and Moscow exchange diplomatic notes.

- Trump's China concern -

Negotiations to renew the accord stalled under the administration of US President Donald Trump, who lobbied unsuccessfully to have China become a party to the restrictions.

During one set of talks in Vienna last year, Trump's arms control envoy even tweeted a picture of a Chinese flag next to an empty chair in a negotiations room, saying "China is a no-show," although there was no expectation for Beijing to attend.

- The last pact -

During Trump's tenure the United States withdrew from two major international accords -- the Iran nuclear deal and the Open Skies treaty -- and pulled out of a centrepiece arms control agreement with Russia, the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty.

Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, who brokered the INF treaty with Reagan, has called on Russia and the US to extend New START and work together to agree further cuts to the countries' nuclear stockpiles.

- Last-ditch overtures -

In the months leading up to presidential elections in the United States last year, the two sides made a series of ultimately unsuccessful overtures to agree a New START extension.

Russian leader Vladimir Putin proposed a one-year extension without any pre-conditions to create an opportunity to hold "substantial negotiations".

The US shot down the move saying it had proposed a series of conditions for extensions.

Putin at the time noted it would be "extremely sad" if the treaty, which was successful in containing an arms race, expired.

When US President-elect Joe Biden enters the White House next week his administration will be in a race against time to salvage a landmark nuclear arms accord with Russia.

The New START treaty, which expires just 16 days after Biden's inauguration, is the last major arms reduction pact between old foes whose bulging nuclear stockpiles dominated fears for global security during the Cold War.

But the fast-approaching deadline to find compromise comes as tensions between Moscow and Washington are at fever pitch over recent hacking allegations, and after Biden vowed to take a firm stand against Russia.

The stakes of reaching an agreement are high, says Elena Chernenko, a foreign editor at Russia's Kommersant newspaper who has closely followed negotiations.

"The treaty limits the chances of one side miscalculating the intentions or plans of the other, which we saw happen several times leading to very dangerous moments during the Cold War," she told AFP.

Any agreement is also likely to define spending priorities for both governments, said Russian political columnist Vladimir Frolov.

Extending New START could determine both in Moscow and Washington whether "more money than necessary would have to be spent on nuclear toys as opposed to health care," he told AFP.

- Treading a fine line -

New START was signed in 2010 between then-US president Barack Obama and former Russian leader Dmitry Medvedev, curbing warheads to 1,550 each and restricting numbers of launchers and bombers.

Biden will be eager to score a big diplomatic win early in his term, but he is also under pressure to tread a fine line and make good on a campaign promise to be tough on Russia.

Lawmakers in the US demanded punishment for Russia last year after concluding that Kremlin-backed hackers were behind a sweeping cyber intrusion into government institutions.

That standoff is just the latest in a litany of disagreements over conflicts in Ukraine and Syria and allegations of Russian election meddling.

Still, rhetoric from Moscow and Washington as the New START expiration deadline approaches has raised hopes that arms control could offer a rare area of compromise.

Biden's incoming national security advisory Jake Sullivan said this month that the president-elect had tasked officials with looking at extending New START "right out of the gates".

In Moscow, Putin recently proposed a one-year extension without preconditions and tasked Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov with getting a "coherent" US response to the offer.

Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, a champion of Soviet-era arms accords with the United States, said this week he expects Biden to prolong the accord and urged both sides "to negotiate further reductions".

"Russia is on record at the highest level that it wants to extend the treaty for five years without any preconditions," said Frolov, the columnist.

Moscow is in favour of an extension, he said, because it would allow Russia to modernise its own nuclear forces at an affordable and measured pace, without rushing into an arms race.

- 'Adults in the room' -

Frolov added that Russia was unlikely to sabotage negotiations just to make Biden appear weak at the onset of his tenure, saying the Kremlin "does not care about Biden's wins".

For Putin, extending New START is "a no brainer," Frolov said.

Negotiations under US President Donald Trump stumbled over an American demand that China become party to the agreement -- Beijing having shown no interest in joining.

That demand was highlighted in an embarrassing episode last June, when a US negotiator at arms control talks in Vienna tweeted a picture of China's flag next to empty chair.

"China is a no-show," US Special Presidential Envoy for Arms Control Marshall Billingslea wrote, even though Beijing was never expected to attend.

With the dawn of the Biden era, that tone of negotiation has likely come to an end, analysts believe.

"There are now adults in the room in the United States, so even with these areas of confrontation, maybe this is the one avenue where Moscow and Washington will be able to compromise to make the world a little bit safer," Chernenko said.

While both Washington and Moscow have signalled a positive outcome for February 5 -- the New START expiration date -- what comes next is a different question.

"That's the moment when Russia will come to the table with a big portfolio of grievances and demands," Chernenko cautioned.


Related Links
Learn about nuclear weapons doctrine and defense at SpaceWar.com
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Learn about the Superpowers of the 21st Century at SpaceWar.com


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NUKEWARS
Gorbachev expects Biden to extend US-Russia arms curbs
Moscow (AFP) Jan 11, 2021
Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev said on Monday he expected US President-elect Joe Biden to extend a landmark arms agreement with Russia and urged the two sides deepen arms reductions. The New START Treaty is the Cold War rivals' last remaining nuclear reduction pact and is set to expire February 5. The fate of the accord is hanging in the balance with tensions between Moscow and Washington at a fever pitch over hacking allegations and the threat of a new White House administration taking ... read more

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